PMID 21138500
Unlike GLP-1 medications, topiramate works by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically calcium and sodium channels and GABA receptors
Medical conditions that lead to weight loss Several medical conditions can cause unexplained weight loss, including, but not limited to: Overactive thyroid An overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism, occurs when your thyroid gland produces excessive hormones, speeding up your metabolism and leading to sudden weight loss despite an insatiable appetite
the 1 mg arm is the lowest measured human pharmacologic activity: Frias Lancet 2018
Br J Nutr 106(11):17571762 Wang W, Volkow ND, Berger NA, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Xu R (2024) Associations of semaglutide with incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder in real-world population
This extended half-life is precisely why tirzepatide works as a once-weekly injection rather than requiring daily administration like some GLP-1 protocols