Pharmacol Res 220:107927 Jun L, Tao YX, Geetha T, Babu JR (2024) Mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle: impact of Obesity, caloric Restriction, and dietary compounds
non-supplemented baseline Before: 145 lbs, 28% body fat, active trainer, strong metabolic baseline Protocol: 300 kcal deficit, 1.8g protein/kg, 2g L-carnitine daily, 4 resistance + 3 cardio sessions weekly After: 135 lbs, 22% body fat (10 lbs loss, ~9 lbs fat + 1 lb muscle), visible abdominal and shoulder definition Result: L-carnitine + training allowed aggressive deficit while preserving strength
doi:10.1074/jbc.270.13.7341
While more research is needed, the picture is promising
In contrast, the DO-HEALTH randomized clinical trial, which enrolled over 2,150 older adults across Europe (mean age of 75 years), tested a combination of vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day), omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day), and a strength-training program over a three-year period
Timing is everything: Aim for a 9am sample for consistency
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