Theodorou, N
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While animal models especially mouse such as diet induced, deficiency induced, toxin induced, genetically induced or as a mixture of these modalities have provided foundational insights into the mechanisms of MASLD and MASH, the translation of these findings to human pathophysiology remains limited due to significant biological and metabolic disparities between species (295, 296)

Safety Considerations and Side Effects Like all medications, GLP-1 drugs have potential side effects: Common side effects include: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (usually improving over time) Constipation Stomach pain or indigestion Injection site reactions (mild redness or itching) Less common but more serious concerns include: Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) Kidney problems Gastroparesis (stomach paralysis) in rare cases Joint and bone issues like arthritis and tendinitis Researchers found no established link between GLP-1 medications and pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, or thyroid cancer in large studies with years of follow-up
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