In the liver study, however, compounds that remain after decaffeination appear to be an important part of the explanation
That is the fundamental compromise of any fixed blend, and understanding it is what separates informed research use from cargo-culting a protocol
The deepest body of mechanistic work on GHK-Cu has come from Loren Pickart and collaborators, who have published extensively on its biology across more than four decades (Pickart et al., 2015) In preclinical research, GHK-Cu has been associated with effects on collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in dermal fibroblast models, on hair-follicle morphology in rodent and ex-vivo skin studies, and on expression of genes involved in tissue remodeling
Diabetes Care, 42(9), 1724-1732
Notably, one of the researchers was an employee of the SAG supplement manufacturer (Emothion, Gnosis S.p.A.) [1]
Researchers should always utilize appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including nitrile gloves, during handling procedures