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IGF-1 LR3 is specifically examined for its interaction with insulin-like growth factor receptors and its role in signaling cascade modulation at the cellular level

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Normally, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) neutralize free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), an NO product, is also present in cartilage and helps control how chondrocytes work (Bolduc et al., 2019)

When collagen is degraded as we age, the skin is unable to maintain its structure and becomes wrinkled

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