Patients should contact their healthcare provider promptly if they experience: Severe, persistent abdominal pain that worsens or differs from typical bloating Inability to pass gas or have bowel movements (possible obstruction) Persistent vomiting that prevents adequate hydration or medication adherence Unintentional weight loss beyond expected therapeutic effects Blood in stool or black, tarry stools Fever accompanying gastrointestinal symptoms Right upper quadrant pain or yellowing of skin/eyes (possible gallbladder disease) Severe constipation with abdominal distension (possible ileus/obstruction) Signs of dehydration (excessive thirst, dark urine, dizziness) These symptoms may indicate complications such as pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, bowel obstruction, or acute kidney injuryall noted in FDA prescribing information as potential risks

Some metabolic improvements observed during treatment may also shift back toward baseline over time, although this is also dependent on dietary and lifestyle behaviours
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To explore the role of the PNS, we performed subdiaphragmatic vagotomy to cut parasympathetic efferent projections, including those projecting to pancreatic -cells (Supplementary Fig
The flow rate for both regenerant solutions must be stably controlled within the range of 25 m/h, and the contact time with the resins must not be less than 30 minutes
Pharmacological Reviews 50 :335-356