After a meal, the intestine releases a cascade of signals including nutrients, factors produced by our microbiome, and a set of gut hormones: GLP-1, GIP, and PYY
Their beneficial mechanisms can include the attenuation of neuroinflammation [e.g., valproate via histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in microglia, downregulating interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] or the mitigation of glutamatergic excitotoxicity coupled with enhancement of neurotrophic factor expression (e.g., lamotrigine), thereby conferring antidepressant-like potential (Mula and Sander, 2007
Cardiovasc Diabetol 24 , 438 (2025)
Our dual-plasmid DNA system comprised a Cas9 expression DNA and an sgAlb-E14 expression DNA containing the donor sequence (Fig
The slowed movement through your digestive system can affect bowel patterns, though the specific effects vary considerably between individuals
NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) What it is: NAD is a coenzyme naturally present in cells
