Ideally, the diagnosis is made by identifying uric acid crystals in joint fluid or in a mass of uric acid (tophus)
10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.005 Int Rev Cell Mol Biol
However, when toxins, in this case NSAIDs and/or their metabolites, interfere with the efficiency of this process, the amount of free radical products generated can increase considerably (van Leeuwen 2012
Although tissue-specific differences in hepcidin sensitivity, along with variations in critical thresholds, time kinetics and the compensatory capability of cellular antioxidant defense systems, may modulate iron accumulation and ferroptotic outcomes, existing evidence supports a pro-ferroptotic role of hepcidin in Kupffer cells, neurons and hepatocytes (65-67)
Yes, glutathione is effective for skin whitening, it works from deep inside your body by slowing down melanin production at the source
doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-00980-9