Young animals and older animals can have differing metabolic rates and physiological responses
This advanced formulation is particularly beneficial for individuals at increased risk of deficiency, including the elderly, vegetarians, vegans, and those with GI conditions that hinder B12 absorption, such as pernicious anemia, celiac disease, Crohns disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among others
Testing also makes insurance far more likely to cover injections, because coverage typically hinges on lab results that document a deficiency
Signs that suggest possible contamination include cloudiness, visible particulates, color change, or unusual odor, but absence of these signs does not confirm sterility
This larger trial enrolled 536 subjects and ran for 24 weeks
How much B12 should you take