It is well known that GLP-1Rs themselves are inactive and needs to be activated or inhibited to exert their function
Whilst cortisol plays essential roles in metabolism, stress response, and immune function, chronic elevation can contribute to weight gain and metabolic disturbances
10.1002/art.27690 170 YaoY.CaiX.ZhengY.ZhangM.FeiW.SunD.et al (2022)
Translational studies using exosomes showed a relationship between the epigenetic modulation of glutamatergic function and a brain metabolic dysfunction known as insulin resistance (IR) as showed by an increase and sex-specific phosphorylation in the expression of IRS1, a key marker of the insulin signaling cascade, in discrete exosomes enriched for the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM), a protein highly expressed in the brain [52, 70,71,72]
And so, so a lot of
This the reason why infants during the first months are very vulnerable to severe respiratory and gastrointestinal infections