Conversely, the levels of dopamine, the neurotransmitter regulating the food eating reward circuit, motor activity, and emotion [62, 63], were reduced in F rats compared to C ones [ F (3, 20) = 11.62
Interestingly, TIMP-2 knock out mice show deficits in fear potentiated startle (31), a relevant feature of PTSD (65)
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However, it has also been reported that although deletion of hepatocyte Dpp4 expression abolished the obesity-induced rise in circulating DPP-4 and was associated with reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in hepatocytes and adipose tissue, levels of circulating soluble DPP-4 per se did not correlate with tissue or systemic inflammation (82)