Most of what we know comes from short-term use
DunedinPACE was calculated using the PACEProjector function from the DunedinPACE R package (v0.99.0
On the basis of results of the most recent CVOTs (DAPA-HF, DAPA-CKD, EMPEROR-R), the FDA has approved dapagliflozin (2020) and empagliflozin (2021) to reduce risk for CV death and HF hospitalization in adults with HF and reduced ejection fraction regardless of whether they have diabetes [24, 25]
This approach would have other potential metabolic benefits, as the L-cells that produce GLP-1 also secrete GLP-2, which stimulates regeneration and repair of the intestinal epithelium (10), peptide YY, which may suppress appetite (11, 12) and oxyntomodulin, which is thought to reduce food intake in part via the GLP-1 receptor (13)
Patients who rely heavily on online reviews for decision-making will find limited independent feedback
contains caffeine and acts as a stimulant