While the results were encouraging, by the mid-1990s Holst and Carolyn Deacon, a physiologist at the University of Copenhagen, confirmed an earlier finding by Rolf Mentlein, Baptist Galllwitz and Wolfgang Schmidt based at the University of Kiel in Germany who had found in 1993 that GLP-1 did not last long in the body because it was broken down in minutes by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), an enzyme found in numerous tissues and in the bloodstream (Mentlein, Galllwitz, Schmidt
It doesn't have a comedogenic rating, but it causes contact sensitisation and inflammation that looks exactly like acne
The recommended dosage is one capsule daily
This elevated TIMP-to-MMP ratio creates an environment where damaged tissue gets cleaned up while new tissue gets protected
Their pH-responsive behavior is predictable, and release rates are relatively stable, reducing non-specific release
Walsh CP, Bestor TH (1999)