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& Fenton, K

The Gene Ontology descriptions of the molecular function, biological process, and cellular component of gene products was used to obtain GHK induced gene expression results relevant to stem cells

Azelaic acid : An agent with anti-inflammatory and melanin-suppressing properties, particularly relevant for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Conclusion GHK has been widely studied in the context of gene expression, tissue repair, oxidative balance, and protein regulation

However, many subjects have difficulty achieving the required circulating levels of 25(OH)VD even after high-dose VD supplementation, and randomized controlled clinical trials have reported limited therapeutic success post-VD supplementation

There were 23 clinical studies published between 2020 and 2025 that support collagen as a nutraceutical treatment that showed improvement in various skin attributes, but investigations are lacking on collagens effectiveness on scalp, hair, and nail health, which warrants further examination