Harischandra et al., 2015
Lidocaine is added in to reduce any discomfort when injecting
As well as from poor diet and digestion, vitamin B12 deficiencies can also be affected by a genetic condition such as: o Pernicious anaemia o Crohns disease o Treatment with proton-pump inhibitors o Atrophic gastritis o Coeliac disease o Use of antacids (acid is required to release B12 from food) o Gastrointestinal surgery o Use of certain medications o Use of illegal drugs and substances including nitrous oxide
When the body faces environmental stress or poor nutrition, these levels can dip, leading to a state called oxidative stress
KPV is used in studies that target immune and inflammatory signaling rather than tissue structure
Network pharmacology enhances the precision of drug discovery by linking pharmacological targets to disease mechanisms through target prediction algorithms and functional enrichment analyses, such as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping (Singh et al., 2022)
