In humans, cyanocobalamin must undergo intracellular enzymatic conversion to the active coenzyme formsmethylcobalamin and adenosylcobalaminwhich, depending on the pH environment, can interconvert with hydroxocobalamin ( Despite extensive biochemical knowledge of cobalamin metabolism and its physiological importance, the optimal supplementation route for maintaining or restoring adequate vitamin B12 levels remains debated
It is of higher quality because the body does not need to convert it
A common dose is 1000 mcg daily, given either intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously
The specificity for visceral fat over subcutaneous fat is believed to be due to the higher density of lipolytic receptors in visceral adipose deposits
A healthcare professional delivers the shot into a muscle, bypassing the intestinal tract
Treatment with intranasal cyanocobalamin should be delayed until symptoms resolve in patients with nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and upper respiratory infection
