Other research highlights: 30% of GLP-1 users tested positive for SIBO or IMO even after accounting for diabetes (5) GLP-1 medicines caused microbiome changes and altered metabolism in mice (6) GLP-1 medicines tested in humans only had noticeable microbiome changes by 48 weeks (7) Despite not necessarily having slower gut motility, one study found that 88.9% of obese patients had SIBO (8) A meta analysis of people with IBS symptoms, found that up to 78% of people had SIBO, many of whom were undiagnosed (9) Overall, Sun and colleagues (1) could not prove a mechanistic link between GLP-1 medications and SIBO, however they did find that SIBO was twice as likely in GLP-1 users
For some people, pursuing weight loss can be harmful, for instance by leading to weight cycling or increasing the risk of developing an eating disorder
Glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light, matrix metalloprotease 3 and fatty acid binding protein 4 as non-invasive brain tumor biomarkers
You are working with tiny volumes where small errors translate to meaningful dose variations
Cost GLP-1 medications can also be expensive
There are numerous reasons people may consider microdosing, including cost savings and minimizing side effects