No claims are made regarding biological outcomes, clinical relevance, or applicability outside of investigational research settings
Lower levels of IGF-1 and growth hormone in older adults have been linked with (5, 14): increased fat mass increased cardiovascular risk decreased muscle mass and strength lower cognitive function lower bone density limited joint mobility Several of these traits are seen in frail older adults
Improvements in cardiometabolic markers can also occur, especially if baseline blood pressure, lipids, or glucose were elevated
That multi-target design is why it has drawn attention in metabolic medicine: engaging three pathways rather than one produced larger average weight reduction in early testing than single-pathway incretin agents have shown in their own trials
The brewing method has a direct impact on the dosage of diterpenes per cup: Paper filters trap most of the diterpenes, whereas the metal filters of the French press, espresso, Turkish and Scandinavian coffee maximize diterpenes
(13) Another investigation focused on the actions of GHK-Cu compared to a control compound and vitamin K
