Methylcobalamin can also be beneficial for those with specific genetic mutations (like MTHFR), which impact B12 metabolism
Serum MMA of 100 to 750 nmol/L, urine MMA of 1 to 4 nmol/L, and serum homocysteine of 6 to 29 mol/L are the reference ranges for most methods.10 If the normalisation of elevated serum homocysteine and MMA levels in response to vitamin B 12 replacement therapy is used as a diagnosis of deficiency, up to 50% of patients may be missed when the diagnosis is based on low vitamin B 12 level (150 pmol/L) alone.18 19 Rise in homocysteine level before increase in MMA is an early indicator of vitamin B 12 deficiency
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Vitamin B12 requires an intrinsic factor-mediated active transport for absorption, therefore, lack of or inhibition of intrinsic factor results in pernicious anemia
Do NOT mistake these symptoms for some other root cause such as SIBO, parasites, or bacterial overgrowth
Medically reviewed by Sarah Gehrke, RN, MS This article was medically reviewed by Sarah Gehrke, RN, MS