Previous studies suggest that GCL is localized to the chloroplasts and GS is localized both to chloroplasts and cytosol in plant cells (Hell and Bergmann, Arabidopsis suggests that GCL and GS are each encoded by a single gene with alternate transcription start sites leading to either plastid-targeted or cytosolic protein (Wachter et al., 2005)
But the peptide therapies being touted online for their wellness and longevity benefits have not undergone large-scale, rigorous clinical trials involving humans
Assay: Glutathione in yeast media
Pharmaceutical Drugs & L-Carnitine Deficiency Prescription medications, properly prescribed, are a leading cause of death in the United States
Doll S, Freitas FP, Shah R, Aldrovandi M, da Silva MC, Ingold I, et al
Nat Rev Nephrol (2020) 16(9):489508