A fourfold or higher relative risk sounds alarming, yet the absolute chance for any one patient stays low
Additionally, a 60% lower mitophagy ratio and a significant increase in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria were observed in the hippocampal brain region of APP/PS1 model mice (Fang et al., 2019)
Glycine contributes to the stability and function of glutathione, helping it to perform its antioxidant duties effectively
A sensible experiment spreads doses across at least three orders of magnitude, something like 1, 10, and 100 nanomolar on up to 1 and 10 micromolar, precisely because the sweet spot moves with the copper-to-peptide ratio, the buffer, and how much serum sits in the media
Im very interested to know more about why some authors of this Nature paper agreed to retract the report, and I will track the development of this news.
Guessing based on symptoms alone is not reliable because some symptoms overlap and the mechanisms are different