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Muscle soreness, clinically referred to as Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness or DOMS, is actually caused from inflammation

Kraft VAN, Bezjian CT, Pfeiffer S, Ringelstetter L, Mller C, Zandkarimi F, et al

Note that supplemental L-carnitine (doses, 0.6-7.0 g) is less efficiently absorbed compared to smaller amounts in food

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology

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Lactic acid, typically produced by lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc , influences the production of GABA, a neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability and protects against excitotoxicity, a process that leads to neuronal injury and death due to excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters