It is typically identified through a combination of symptoms and functional medicine testing such as the lactulose-mannitol test, zonulin level testing, comprehensive stool analysis, and a detailed review of personal health history to determine underlying causes and guide treatment
The GLP-1 receptor agonists are injected subcutaneously once or twice daily, or once weekly, and they reduce HbA1c and bodyweight
Last reviewed: June 9, 2026 Last updated: June 9, 2026 Written by: Jay Hastings, CEO of PlexusDx Jay Hastings is the CEO of PlexusDx, a precision health company focused on genetic testing, blood biomarker insights, and personalized wellness recommendations
doi: 10.30654/MJPS.10014
In a study of 50 adults with age-related cognitive decline, those who took ashwagandha for 12 weeks showed significant improvements in memory, concentration, and learning
The good news is that NAD+ levels can be tested and raised