The unknowns far outweigh the unproven benefits
A group of peptides could be a step closer to becoming available through certain pharmacies after key Food and Drug Administration (FDA) committee votes last week
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IV therapy bypasses this limitation entirely, achieving blood concentrations 30-70 times higher than oral supplementation can provide
Key areas of investigation include: Gastrointestinal : Demonstrated protection against NSAID-induced ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease models, and esophageal damage in multiple animal studies Musculoskeletal : Accelerated healing of transected Achilles tendons, quadriceps muscles, and medial collateral ligaments in rat models Neurological : Neuroprotective effects in models of traumatic brain injury, nerve crush injury, and dopaminergic system damage Organ protection : Hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective effects demonstrated in various toxicity models The primary limitation is that all evidence comes from animal models
A deficiency in B12 can lead to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and brain fog