For research focused on muscle accretion, direct growth hormone administration at supraphysiological doses or alternative anabolic compounds produce far more consistent results
An indirect evaluation can be made by measuring the levels of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, which are below 50% in the presence of vitamin deficiency
Meister A, Anderson ME, Hwang O
(Compounders are required to follow regulations about manufacturing, but the drugs they produce are not FDA-approved.) Noorian, a former mechanical engineer, founded Empower Pharmacy in 2009 after using a compounded medicine to treat his own low testosterone at age 24
Chao et al., 2018)
Some target melanin production, others exfoliate pigmented cells, while some improve skin clarity by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress