GLP1 and GIP Receptor Agonists: Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract and Management Strategies for Primary Care Physicians
Red flags indicating fraudulent or unregulated products include: Claims of "needle-free GLP-1 treatment" or "patch alternatives to Ozempic/Wegovy" Products sold without requiring a prescription or medical consultation Websites that do not display the UK 'Registered pharmacy' internet logo or GPhC/PSNI registration details Prices significantly lower than legitimate GLP-1 medications Testimonials or before-and-after photos that seem exaggerated or fabricated Lack of detailed product information, including active ingredients and manufacturing details Using such unverified products carries serious health risks
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doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1610368 Received 11 April 2025 Accepted 26 June 2025 Published 15 July 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Li-Tung Huang, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan Reviewed by Beata Kasztelan-Szczerbinska, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Edit Posta, University of Debrecen, Hungary Updates Copyright 2025 Migliorisi, Gabbiadini, Dal Buono, Ferraris, Privitera, Petronio, Bertoli, Bezzio and Armuzzi
Both medications list the following as potential side effects: Burping/belching Constipation Diarrhea Fatigue Gas Headache Heartburn Nausea Stomach pain Vomiting Additionally, Foundayo may cause: Hair loss Indigestion Swollen belly You may also experience these side effects on the Wegovy pill: Dizziness Feeling bloated Low blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes Runny nose or sore throat Stomach flu Upset stomach How to choose between the two, according to doctors Theres so much information floating around out there about these medications, and some information is more accurate than others
Weeks 5-12 (Dose Escalation): As your dose increases according to your prescribed titration schedule, therapeutic effects become more pronounced
