In practice, because the FDA governs drug approvals in the United States and most Western countries follow similar regulatory frameworks, the 27 threshold remains the functional standard for clinical practice
Over-the-counter remedies like loperamide (Imodium) or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) can provide short-term relief, but avoid overusing them without consulting your doctor
Modern GLP-1 medicines are produced using recombinant DNA technology, where genetically modified yeast or bacterial cells produce the peptide in controlled fermentation tanks
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on UTIs and genital infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
What I tell my patients: GLP-1s are not a shortcut
"Obesity is not like an infection where you take antibiotics and you're done," says Rubino, sighing