For experiments, both flanks of 3-4 weeks male and female mice Braf V600E/+ /Pten fl/fl ( BPT control), Epac1 fl/fl , Epac2 fl/fl , Epac1 +/fl /Epac2 +/fl , and Epac1 fl/fl /Epac2 fl/fl were shaved and 2 L of 5 mM 4HT was applied topically on both flanks for 2 days to generate BPT, Epac1 and Epac2 or Epac1/2 conditional knockout mice referred to hereafter as BPT, Epac1 +/ /Epac2 +/ , Epac1 / /Epac2 / , Epac1 / , and Epac2 / , respectively
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Biochemical and clinical relevance of alpha lipoic acid: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, molecular pathways and therapeutic potential
Glutathione is found naturally in every cell and made within the body, specifically in the liver
Glutathione synthesis and its role in redox signaling
GSSG is the main source of oxidizing equivalents to provide the adequate environment necessary for favoring disulfide bond formation and proper folding of nascent proteins