While they serve different primary roles in the body, they operate in a biological partnership that supports energy, cellular cleanup, and healthy aging
Studies have shown that NF-B and MAPKs (three major kinases: JNK, p38 and ERK) are expressed in cultured RA-FLSs and easily activated by IL-1 and TNF- (210)
In the reduced state, the thiol group of cysteine is able to donate a reducing equivalent (H++ e-) to other unstable molecules, such as reactive oxygen species
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They participate in the NVU by occasionally contacting with microvessels (24) and are the primary mediators of CNS inflammatory response (26)
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