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Relative contraindications requiring careful consideration and enhanced medical supervision include history of pancreatitis, severe gastrointestinal disease including gastroparesis, diabetic retinopathy (requires ophthalmologic monitoring during therapy), severe kidney disease, history of suicidal ideation or severe depression, gallbladder disease or history of cholecystitis, and age under 18 years
It enhances insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite through central nervous system pathways
As a quick refresher, there are normal fish that live in streams outside of caves, and there are weird, obese, long-lived, eyeless cavefish that live in caves
The study identified a higher number of patients with retained gastric contents in those undergoing EGD alone compared to no gastric contents in those undergoing combined EGD-colonoscopy ( It is unclear if the risks are lower with the combination of holding the medication and also having a bowel prep, if one of these approaches may be sufficient to reduce risks, or if even a clear liquid diet without a bowel prep could also be just as effective
Some of the common side effects associated with GLP-1 treatments include: Gastrointestinal Issues: GLP-1 medications can sometimes cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation, especially during the initial stages of treatment