These actions also present serious patient safety concerns by flooding the market with drugs that have not been reviewed by the FDA for safety, effectiveness and quality
10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.09.004 71 RamrezE.PicatosteB.Gonzlez-BrisA.OteoM.CruzF.Caro-VadilloA.et al (2018)
Soluble Prebiotic Fiber, Protease 3.0, Protease 4.5, Protease 6.0, Peptidase, Bromelain, Neutral Bacterial Protease, Papain, Lipase, Amylase, Glucoamylase, Alpha-Galactosidase, Invertase, Diastase, Hemicellulase, Cellulase AN, Beta-Glucanase, Phytase, Lactase, Ginger Root Powder, Fennel Seed Powder, Peppermint Leaf Powder
Its not a complex blend with 30+ unknown additives
Even berberine (the main ingredient in many patches) has poor skin penetration due to its size and structure
However, kidney and heart protection are not fully explainable by the metabolic actions of these agents