Beyond its canonical role in Gs/cAMP signaling, GLP-1R is increasingly recognized as an organizer of spatiotemporally defined signaling nanodomains, or signalosomes. This Review highlights our current knowledge on the mechanisms of assembly and regulation of GLP-1R signalosomes, including the involvement of biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation, and the role of membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other organelles as key locations for GLP-1R signaling assemblies
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Another investigation found that hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), secreted from activated Mller cells, enhances microglial polarization toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype via Dectin-1 signaling, worsening cytokine storms and BRB disruption in early NPDR (53, 54)
What Do These Findings Mean
Jul 2017;35:85-90
Duloxetine, 60 mg once daily, for major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial