As with any medication, it may have side effects and contraindications, so it should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional
GLP-1R activation of neuroprotective pathways in neurons, microglia and astrocytes has also been reported: improvements in overall cognition, learning and motor function potentially associated with GLP-1RA administration in Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease may be mediated not only by their amyloid pathology-ameliorating properties (A, tau and -synuclein), but also the suppression of Ca 2+ deregulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, anti-inflammatory activity, blockage of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis pathways, enhancements in the neuronal insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, functional improvements in autophagy and mitophagy, elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor synthesis, and neurogenesis 36
Through this mechanism, sinusoidal endothelial cells are protected from hypoxia-reoxygenation damage, indirectly preventing hepatocyte injury via paracrine effects of sinusoidal endothelial cells (Noguchi et al., 2021)
Pharmaceutics 16 , 561572 (2019)
Protein matters
Week Three: Appetite Suppression Emerges Week three marks a turning point for many users
