Incretin-based glucose-lowering medications and the risk of acute pancreatitis and malignancies: a meta-analysis based on cardiovascular outcomes trials
BordoniAAmarettiALeonardiABoschettiEDanesiFMatteuzziDet al
Artes-Henandez et al., 2010[9])
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Likewise, in addition to the mentioned Parkinsons disease models [198,199,200], these were induced by various central causes (e.g., spinal cord compression [170,230], stroke [145], traumatic brain injury [231], neurotoxin cuprizone that mimics multiple sclerosis in rats [232], neuroleptics [199,200], amphetamine [200,233], alcohol acute and chronic intoxication [234], serotonin syndrome [235], and NO-system blockade [200])
Unlike oral supplements, which face the gauntlet of our digestive system (and often get broken down, resulting in as little as 20-50% absorption), intravenous delivery bypasses the gut entirely