Well break down nerve, heart/brain/vascular, musculoskeletal, and metabolic causes
Deficiency is common in those with fatigue, brain fog, or nutrient absorption issues, especially individuals with gastrointestinal conditions, vegans and vegetarians, or those taking medications like metformin or proton-pump inhibitors
The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency among vegetarians assessed by serum vitamin B12: a review of literature
This is particularly beneficial in places like Australia, where cost-efficiency is as much a priority as it is a necessity
by Dr Hayley Willacy, FRCGP Further reading and references Vitamin B12 deficiency in over 16s: diagnosis and management NICE guidance (March 2024) PHE
NNMT inhibitor for NAD+ metabolism & cellular energy research