This superior systemic efficacy raises the possibility of stronger impact on neurodegenerative pathways that overlap with metabolic dysfunction, such as IR, mitochondrial stress, and inflammation
It mimics the action of GLP-1, a hormone involved in glucose metabolism, by stimulating insulin production in response to high blood glucose levels while simultaneously reducing glucagon secretion and slowing gastric emptying
By replenishing B12 levels through injections, individuals often experience improved mood and increased energy levels
Diabetologia (1997) 40:828
B cells were stimulated with 10 g/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma Cat No L2630)
When gastric emptying is slowed, nutrients absorb gradually throughout the night rather than in the usual post-meal pattern