This is why GHK-Cu is frequently studied in the context of wound healing (where the barrier is disrupted) and why clinical protocols using microneedling before application see stronger results
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NAD+ also functions as an essential co-substrate for many key enzymes that regulate gene expression
Aging reduces NAD+ synthesis pathways while increasing consumption by enzymes like CD38 and PARPs, activated by inflammation and damage.[13][15] CD38, an immune-related enzyme, ramps up with age, breaking down NAD+ precursors
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