Different concentrations of Cys and GSH were added and aged for 2 h, and the amount of adsorbate was measured by subtracting the Cys and GSH concentrations in the supernatant from the initial concentration
As a typical mitochondrial - targeted peptide, SS-31 (elamipretide) can stabilize cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, reduce electron leakage to inhibit ROS, inhibit the opening of mPTP to reduce the release of mtDNA and cell apoptosis, protect mitochondria and exert anti - inflammatory effects, and is effective on immune cells and parenchymal cells such as cardiomyocytes
However, the antioxidant benefits, reduction of oxidative stress, and improved natural killer cell function require that reduced glutathione is absorbed into the cells, not just in the plasma
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Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable species that is widely consumed worldwide and is a good source of fiber, iron, and vitamin C 28,29
