The intensity of protein level was quantified by densitometry (software: Image Lab, Bio-Rad)
It defines the pace of aging by controlling how effectively cells detoxify, how efficiently mitochondria produce energy, and how well the body withstands the cumulative stress of time."
These cytokines are markers of chronic low-grade inflammation, the kind associated with accelerated biological aging, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and metabolic syndrome
For context, the interplay between hormones and peptide signaling during this transition is an active research area, including a peer-reviewed update in the National Library of Medicine examining estrogens and neuropeptides in postmenopausal women
E.et al (2011)
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