The severity varies widely: some patients experience mild, occasional loose stools, while others report multiple episodes per day during the initial phase
Conclusion Whilst severe B12 deficiency has a clear clinical picture with characteristic haematological and/or neurological features, establishing mild or borderline deficiency can be problematic as serum levels are maintained at the expense of tissue concentrations, and therefore serum levels of B12 may be in the low normal or borderline range despite a deficiency
Taking it first thing with a small sip of water and waiting about 30 minutes before anything else gives the dose its best chance to absorb
Some patients report gastrointestinal changes like constipation or loose stools alongside early nausea, while others may experience appetite suppression that feels sudden and pronounced
In fact, the opposite risk is more common
3.4 Liraglutide promotes insulin secretion in lipodystrophic mice Liraglutide, and GLP-1 agonists more broadly, have been shown to improve cell function by promoting insulin secretion, cell survival and cell proliferation ( Figure 4A )
